DL-Dithiothreitol
DL-Dithiothreitol (CAS: 3483-12-3) is a powerful reducing agent with the linear formula HSCH₂CH(OH)CH(OH)CH₂SH and a molecular weight of 154.25 g/mol. Also known as Cleland's reagent, DTT is vital for maintaining thiol groups in a reduced state and for quantitatively cleaving disulfide bonds. Its primary applications include sample preparation for SDS-PAGE and breaking polyacrylamide gel matrices. DTT offers a less pungent and toxic alternative to 2-mercaptoethanol.
- IUPAC
- threo-1,4-Dimercapto-2,3-butanediol,Cleland’s reagent,DTT
- Synonyms
- Cleland’s reagentthreo-1,4-Dimercapto-2,3-butanediolDTT
Protein Disulfide Bond Reduction
DL-Dithiothreitol is extensively used in sample preparation for SDS-PAGE to reduce protein disulfide bonds, ensuring complete denaturation and accurate electrophoretic separation. It effectively cleaves cystine residues, facilitating protein analysis.
Polyacrylamide Gel Cleavage
DTT can be employed to reduce the disulfide bridge of cross-linking agents like N,N′-bis(acryloyl)cystamine. This process allows for the disruption and disassembly of polyacrylamide gel matrices, aiding in sample recovery or gel disposal.
Maintaining Thiol Reactivity
In biochemical assays and solutions, DTT serves to maintain crucial sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in their reduced state. This is essential for preserving the activity of enzymes or proteins that rely on free thiols for their function.
| Molecular weight | 154.25 |
|---|---|
| Linear formula | HSCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH2SH |
| Assay | ≥99.0% (RT) |
| Grade | for molecular biology |
| Density | 1.04 g/mL at 20 °C1.035 g/mL at 25 °C |
| Solubility | H2O: soluble50 mg/mL, clear, colorlessH2O: freely solubleacetone: freely solublechloroform: freely solublediethyl ether: freely solubleethanol: freely solubleethyl acetate: freely soluble |
| pH | 4.0-6.5 (25 °C, 0.1 M in H2O) |
| Melting point | 41-44 °C(lit.)42-43 °C |
| Concentration | 1 M in H2O |
| Storage temperature | 2-8°C |
| Impurities tested | ≤0.3% 4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-dithiane |
| Application | An excellent reagent for maintaining SH groups in reduced state; quantitatively reduces disulfides. DTT is effective in sample buffers for reducing protein disulfide bonds prior to SDS-PAGE. DTT can also be used for reducing the disulfide bridge of the cross-linker N,N′-bis(acryloyl)cystamine to break apart the matrix of a polyacrylamide gel. DTT is less pungent and is less toxic than 2-mercaptoethanol. Typically, a seven fold lower concentration of DTT (100 mM) is needed than is used for 2-mercaptoethanol (5% v/v, 700 mM). |
| Suitability | in accordance for filter test |
Hazard statements
- H302Harmful if swallowed
- H315Causes skin irritation
- H319Causes serious eye irritation
- H335May cause respiratory irritation
Precautionary statements
- P261Avoid breathing dust, fume, gas or vapours
- P305IF IN EYES
| Protective equipment | dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves |
|---|---|
| Flash point | 113 °C / 235.4 °F |
| Transport (UN / ADR) | UN 3335 |
| Water hazard class (WGK, DE) | 3 |
| Hazard codes (EU) | Xn |
| Risk statements (R) | 22-36/37/38 |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-36 |
| Cation traces | Ca: ≤10 mg/kgCd: ≤5 mg/kgCo: ≤5 mg/kgCr: ≤5 mg/kgCu: ≤5 mg/kgFe: ≤5 mg/kgK: ≤50 mg/kgMg: ≤5 mg/kgMn: ≤5 mg/kgNa: ≤200 mg/kgNi: ≤5 mg/kgPb: ≤5 mg/kgZn: ≤5 mg/kg |
| Anion traces | sulfate (SO42-): ≤50 mg/kg |
Hazard information is provided for guidance. Always consult the product Safety Data Sheet (SDS), available on request, before handling.
| Quality Level | PREMIUM |
|---|---|
| Foreign Activity | DNase, RNase, protease, none detected |
| Uv Absorption | λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.400λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.100 |
| Absorption | absorption/320 nm cut-off |
Documentation
Every batch ships with a Certificate of Analysis covering assay, identity and purity; the grade is confirmed against your enquiry. Safety Data Sheets and technical data sheets are available on request.
Supply & logistics
Samples for technical evaluation; bulk MOQ by grade and packaging. In-stock material ships in 7–10 working days, worldwide, with full export documentation.
What is DL-Dithiothreitol used for?
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DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT) is primarily used as a reducing agent to maintain sulfhydryl groups in a reduced state and to cleave disulfide bonds in proteins. It is particularly valuable for sample preparation prior to SDS-PAGE and for breaking apart polyacrylamide gel matrices.
What are the CAS number and formula for DL-Dithiothreitol?
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The CAS number for DL-Dithiothreitol is 3483-12-3, and its linear formula is HSCH₂CH(OH)CH(OH)CH₂SH.
What grade and purity does Tech Serve Solutions supply?
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Tech Serve Solutions supplies DL-Dithiothreitol at a PREMIUM quality level, with an assay of ≥99.0% (RT) and suitable for molecular biology applications. Foreign activity testing confirms DNase, RNase, and protease are not detected.
How should DL-Dithiothreitol be handled safely?
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DL-Dithiothreitol is classified as harmful if swallowed and causes skin and serious eye irritation (H302, H315, H319). It may also cause respiratory irritation (H335). When handling, use appropriate personal protective equipment including a dust mask (N95), eyeshields, face shields, and gloves. Ensure adequate ventilation.
How is DL-Dithiothreitol packed and shipped?
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DL-Dithiothreitol is packed and shipped by Tech Serve Solutions according to international regulations for chemical products, ensuring safe transit for global export. Specific packaging details can be provided upon request.
How can I request a sample or quote for DL-Dithiothreitol?
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To request a sample or a quotation for DL-Dithiothreitol, please contact our sales department through the website or via direct inquiry, providing your specific requirements and shipping details.
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