Applications

Adenosine 5′-[γ-thio]triphosphate (ATP-γ-S) is widely used as a non-hydrolyzed ATP analogue for studies on the effects of ATP binding to ATP sites in a wide range of processes including extracellular functions. ATP- γ-S is a P2 purinergic agonist which increases the activity of Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels. ATP- γ-S can substitute for ATP in kinase reactions yielding thiophosphorylated proteins that are resistant to protein phosphatases and modulate the ATP-dependent steps in the binding of ubiquitin conjugates to the 26S proteasome. ATP-γ -S differentially modulates Toll-like receptor 4-mediated cell survival and death.